Void Reducing Asphalt Membrane Emulsion

ABSTRACT

Provided herein is an asphalt membrane emulsion for reducing voids in an asphalt joint that includes asphalt, an asphalt modifier, mineral filler, an emulsifier, and water. Provided herein is a method of making an asphalt membrane emulsion, the method including: forming a first phase; forming a second phase; pumping the first phase and the second phase into a colloid mill; and mixing the first phase and second phase into the colloid mill to form the asphalt membrane emulsion. The first phase includes asphalt, asphalt modifier, and mineral filler. The second phase includes water and an emulsifier. A method of applying an asphalt membrane emulsion to fill a crack is also provided.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.63/125,437, filed on Dec. 15, 2020, the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present disclosure relates generally to materials for use in pavingand road construction. In some non-limiting examples, the presentdisclosure relates to an asphalt membrane emulsion, which can be used asa crack sealant for longitudinal joints, for trackless tack, tack coat,pavement sealer, fog sealer, and a metal and concrete sealer.

Description of Related Art

In the construction of new roads, it is often necessary to prepare abase layer, followed by subsequent provision of successive layers ofwhatever material is selected for the road, which shall be referred toas paving material. During the repair of roads, layers of cracked,damaged, or otherwise inadequate paving material are removed throughgrinding or stripping, leaving an exposed underlying layer. Subsequentlayers of paving material are then provided to the underlying base layerof a repaired road.

Paving the width of the road in a single pass is difficult due to theinability to close an entire road for an extended period of time.Therefore, roads are paved in multiple passes, with each pass typicallybeing the width of one lane. In the first pass, a layer of hot pavingmaterial is applied on the roadway and compacted. The compaction processincreases the density of the paved material by reducing air voidstrapped within the paving material. However, the unconfined edge of thepaved lane cannot be sufficiently compacted, as compared to the centerof the first pass, resulting in an edge having a lower density (due tothe presence of air voids). In the second pass, a layer of hot pavingmaterial is laid adjacent to the previously paved portion of theroadway, which is at a lower temperature, forming a longitudinal joint.The differences in temperature of the previously paved portions as wellas insufficient compaction can result in improper adhesion and in alongitudinal joint having a lower density than the rest of the pavedportions.

The higher amount of air voids at the longitudinal joint createspermeability throughout the joint allowing for the intrusion of air andwater, which can lead to crack formation and ultimately, the failure ofthe joint. Such results can be dangerous for vehicles passing over, suchas, road. Moreover, such road failures require repairs, resulting in aneed to spend additional time and money, a need to detour traffic, anddecreased productivity and quality of life for residents of the area ofconcern.

Sealant emulsions for longitudinal joints are known in the art, and havediffering characteristics in terms of composition and ultimate physicalproperties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is related to an asphalt membrane emulsion for reducingvoids in an asphalt joint. The asphalt membrane emulsion comprisesasphalt, an asphalt modifier, mineral filler, an emulsifier, and water.

The invention is related to a method of making an asphalt membraneemulsion. The method comprises: forming a first phase; forming a secondphase; pumping the first phase and the second phase into a colloid mill;and mixing the first phase and second phase in the colloid mill to formthe asphalt membrane emulsion. The first phase comprises: asphalt;asphalt modifier; and mineral filler. The second phase comprises: water;and an emulsifier.

The invention is related to a method of applying an asphalt membraneemulsion to fill a crack. The method comprises: applying the asphaltmembrane emulsion into a crack, where the asphalt membrane emulsioncomprises asphalt, an asphalt modifier, mineral filler, an emulsifier,and water. The asphalt membrane emulsion is cured within the crack toform a cured asphalt membrane emulsion within the crack.

The invention is related to an asphalt surface comprising a crack and acured asphalt membrane emulsion within said crack. The cured asphaltmembrane emulsion within the crack comprises asphalt, an asphaltmodifier, mineral filler, and an emulsifier.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is in no wayintended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. While thedescription is designed to permit one of ordinary skill in the art tomake and use the invention, and specific examples are provided to thatend, they should in no way be considered limiting. It will be apparentto one of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications to thefollowing will fall within the scope of the appended claims. The presentinvention should not be considered limited to the presently disclosedembodiments, whether provided in the examples or elsewhere herein.

The use of numerical values in the various ranges specified in thisapplication, unless expressly indicated otherwise, are stated asapproximations as though the minimum and maximum values within thestated ranges are both preceded by the word “about”. In this manner,slight variations above and below the stated ranges can be used toachieve substantially the same results as values within the ranges.Also, unless indicated otherwise, the disclosure of these ranges isintended as a continuous range including every value between the minimumand maximum values. For example, a stated range of “1 to 10” should beconsidered to include any and all subranges between (and inclusive of)the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10; that is, allsubranges beginning with a minimum value of 1 or more and ending with amaximum value of 10 or less, e.g., 1 to 3.3, 4.7 to 7.5, 5.5 to 10, andthe like. For definitions provided herein, those definitions refer toword forms, cognates and grammatical variants of those words or phrases.

The terms “a” and “an” are intended to refer to one or more.

The present invention relates to an asphalt membrane emulsion forreducing voids in an asphalt joint including asphalt, an asphaltmodifier, mineral filler, an emulsifier, and water.

The term “asphalt membrane emulsion” refers to an emulsion includingasphalt, an asphalt modifier, mineral filler, an emulsifier, and water.

As used herein, the term “asphalt” refers to any asphaltic-based pavingmaterial that can be utilized to construct and repair roads. Suchmaterials include asphalt, asphalt binders, asphalt cements,asphalt-based cements, asphalt concrete, cut-back asphalts, emulsifiedasphalts, modified asphalts, bituminous material, bitumen, and the like.One of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the asphaltmembrane emulsion disclosed may be used as an adhesive to bond togetherlayers of any asphaltic material.

Asphalt has various properties, including penetration grading, viscositygrading, and performance grading. Penetration grading refers to depthinto a section of asphaltic material that a needle with 100 grams ofweight thereon will penetrate when applied to the material for 5 secondsat an ambient temperature of 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit).The penetration grading is measured in tenths of a millimeter (dmm).Thus, an asphalt having a penetration grading of 50 dmm is one in whicha 100 gram weight penetrates the material to a depth of 5 mm after 5seconds at an ambient temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Penetrationgradings may be tested according to AASHTO T-49 standard, developed bythe American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and promulgatedby the American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials. A non-limiting example of an asphalt is a bitumen asphalthaving a penetration rating between 40 and 60.

Asphalt is performance graded based upon climate, referencing a highpavement surface temperature and low pavement service temperature. Todetermine the high pavement surface temperature of the asphalt, anaverage of a 7 day maximum pavement temperature is used. As thermalcracking can occur as a result of one cold night, the low pavementservice temperature is the minimum pavement temperature that is likelyto be experienced in a low temperature climate. Non-limiting examples ofsuitable asphalts include an asphalt having an average 7 day maximumpavement temperature of 64° C. and a minimum pavement temperature of−22° C. (performance grade (PG) 64-22), an asphalt having an average 7day maximum pavement temperature of 58° C. and a minimum pavementtemperature of −28° C. (PG 58-28), an asphalt having an average 7 daymaximum pavement temperature of 58° C. and a minimum pavementtemperature of −22° C. (PG 58-22), an asphalt having an average 7 daymaximum pavement temperature of 52° C. and a minimum pavementtemperature of −28° C. (PG 52-28), an asphalt having an average 7 daymaximum pavement temperature of 52° C. and a minimum pavementtemperature of −22° C. (PG 52-22), an asphalt having an average 7 daymaximum pavement temperature of 52° C. and a minimum pavementtemperature of −34° C. (PG 52-34), an asphalt having an average 7 daymaximum pavement temperature of 58° C. and a minimum pavementtemperature of −34° C. (PG 58-34), or combinations thereof. In onenon-limiting embodiment, the asphalt is PG 52-28, PG 58-28, PG 64-22, PG58-22, PG 64-28, or combinations thereof. In one non-limitingembodiment, the asphalt is PG 52-28, PG 58-28, or combinations thereof.Performance grading may be tested according to AASHTO M-320 standard orASTM D6373-16 standard (or prior equivalent version). One of ordinaryskill in the art will understand that asphalt having a similar viscositygrading or penetration grading as the performance graded asphalt may beused as a suitable asphalt.

As used herein, “asphalt modifier” refers to a material that interactsphysically and/or chemically with asphalt to form a modified asphalt.The asphalt modifier can be a material that comprises one or morecross-linkable groups.

As used herein, “modified asphalt” refers to asphalt that has beenphysically and/or chemically blended with one or more additionalmaterials.

The asphalt modifier can be a polymer material that comprises one ormore cross-linkable groups. As a class, “polymers” can include, withoutlimitation homopolymers, heteropolymers, or copolymers, block polymers,block copolymers, and can be both natural and synthetic. Homopolymerscontain one type of building block, or monomer, whereas copolymerscontain more than one type of monomer. An “oligomer” can be a polymerthat comprises a small number of monomers, such as, for example, from 3to 100 monomer residues.

The asphalt modifier can be a polymer that may be selected from at leastone of the following non-limiting examples: styrene butadiene, styrenebutadiene styrene, polystyrene, or combinations thereof. The asphaltmodifier is a linear polymer that has little to no effect on theviscosity of the asphalt membrane emulsion. In one non-limitingembodiment, the asphalt modifier is not a radial polymer. In onenon-limiting embodiment, the asphalt modifier is styrene butadienestyrene. In one non-limiting embodiment, the asphalt modifier is linearstyrene butadiene styrene having no more than 35% by weight styrene,such as, 30% by weight styrene. Non-limiting commercial suppliers ofstyrene butadiene styrene asphalt modifiers include, but, are notlimited to: Dynasol, Kraton, KUMHO, Kibiton, En Chaun Chemical, Dexco,and LG. Mixtures of any of the above asphalt modifiers may be used. Inone non-limiting embodiment, the asphalt modifier is styrene butadienehaving no more than 36% by weight styrene, such as, no more than 33% byweight styrene. A non-limiting commercial example of a suitable styrenebutadiene asphalt modifier is Kraton D0243 (Kraton).

The asphalt modifier can be an isocyanate. As used herein, an“isocyanate” is a compound having one isocyanate group (—N═C═O). Anon-limiting commercial example of a suitable isocyanate modifier isB2LAST (BASF). In one non-limiting embodiment, the asphalt modifier isan isocyanate and is added to the asphalt in an amount ranging from 0.2weight percent (wt. %) to 7 wt. %, such as, from 0.3 wt. % to 6 wt. %,such as, from 0.4 wt. % to 5 wt. %, or such as, from 0.5 wt. % to 4 wt.%, based on the total weight of the asphalt.

The asphalt can be mixed with an isocyanate modifier to form anisocyanate modified asphalt. In one non-limiting embodiment, the onlyasphalt modifier used to form the modified asphalt is an isocyanate. Inone non-limiting embodiment, the modified asphalt can be prepared byfirst mixing the asphalt with an isocyanate modifier to form anisocyanate modified asphalt and then the isocyanate modified asphalt canbe mixed with a polymer that may be selected from at least one of thefollowing non-limiting examples: styrene butadiene, styrene butadienestyrene, polystyrene, or combinations thereof. In one non-limitingembodiment, the modified asphalt can be prepared by first mixing theasphalt with an isocyanate modifier to form an isocyanate modifiedasphalt and then the isocyanate modified asphalt can be mixed withstyrene butadiene styrene. In one non-limiting embodiment, the modifiedasphalt can be prepared by first mixing the asphalt with an isocyanatemodifier to form an isocyanate modified asphalt and then the isocyanatemodified asphalt can be mixed with styrene butadiene, such as, KratonD0243.

The asphalt modifier can be a polymeric dispersion of organic rubberparticles. The organic rubber particles may be selected from at leastone of the following non-limiting examples: styrene butadiene rubber,polychloroprene, or combinations thereof. The polymeric dispersion oforganic rubber particles is a latex in which the organic rubberparticles are dispersed in water. Non-limiting commercial examples ofpolymeric dispersions comprising styrene butadiene rubber particlesinclude, but are not limited to: NX4190 (BASF) and Ultrapave UP 1159(Ultrapave). Non-limiting commercial examples of polymeric dispersionscomprising polychloroprene particles include, but are not limited to:SL101 (Showa Denko K.K.), SL350 (Showa Denko K.K.), and Chloroprene 115®(Showa Denko K.K.).

In one non-limiting embodiment, the only asphalt modifier used to formthe modified asphalt is the polymeric dispersion of styrene butadienerubber, polychloroprene, or combinations thereof. In one non-limitingembodiment, a polymer that may be selected from at least one of thefollowing non-limiting examples: styrene butadiene, styrene butadienestyrene, polystyrene, or combinations thereof is used in combinationwith a polymeric dispersion of styrene butadiene rubber,polychloroprene, or combinations thereof to form the modified asphalt.In one non-limiting embodiment, the modified asphalt can be prepared byfirst mixing the asphalt with an isocyanate modifier to form anisocyanate modified asphalt and then the isocyanate modified asphalt canbe mixed with a polymeric dispersion of styrene butadiene rubber,polychloroprene, or combinations thereof. In one non-limitingembodiment, the modified asphalt can be prepared by first mixing theasphalt with an isocyanate modifier to form an isocyanate modifiedasphalt and then the isocyanate modified asphalt can be mixed with apolymeric dispersion of styrene butadiene rubber, such as, NX4190(BASF). In one non-limiting embodiment, the modified asphalt can beprepared by first mixing the asphalt with an isocyanate modifier to forman isocyanate modified asphalt and then the isocyanate modified asphaltcan be mixed with a polymeric dispersion of polychloroprene, such as,SL350 (Showa Denko K.K.).

As used herein, “mineral filler” refers finely divided mineral mattersuch as, rock dust, mineral dust, sand, slag dust, lime, fly ash,Portland cement, loess, combinations thereof, or mixtures thereof. Themineral filler has a fineness that allows it to pass through a 50 meshsieve, such as, mineral filler having a particle size of less than 300microns (μm), such as, less than 297 μm. A non-limiting example of asuitable mineral filler is lime. The lime can be calcium based,magnesium based, or combinations thereof. In one non-limitingembodiment, the lime is magnesium based lime. The lime may beagricultural grade lime, or it may be ASTM grade lime, or it may be acombination of agricultural lime and ASTM grade lime. Agricultural gradelime consists of calcium carbonate limestone that is crushed to a finepowder. ASTM grade lime is hydrated lime and can include normal lime (Ntype), normal air-entraining lime (NA type), special hydrated lime (Stype), or special air-entraining lime (SA type) according to ASTMStandard C207-18 (or prior equivalent version).

The emulsifier may be selected depending on whether the asphalt membraneemulsion is to be cationic (e.g., a cationic asphalt membrane emulsion),anionic (e.g., an anionic asphalt membrane emulsion), or isoelectric(e.g., an isoelectric asphalt membrane emulsion).

The emulsifier may include a quaternary ammonium salt fatty acid basedemulsifier which is suitable to make stable cationic emulsions ofasphalt containing a large fraction of medium and high molecular weight(HMW, MMW) species (higher than 5 kiloDaltons (KDa) determined by gelpermeation chromatography in THF). Examples of such emulsifiers include:Redicote E-11 E, Redicote E-11 HF-1, and Indulin AA-57D. In onenon-limiting example, the emulsifier is Redicote E-11HF.

The emulsifier used in an anionic emulsion may include a zwitterionicemulsifier(s) which is suitable to make stable anionic emulsions ofasphalt containing a large fraction of MMW species (MMW range from 45 to5 kDa). Examples of such emulsifiers include Redicote E-7000 and IndulinW-5.

The emulsifier used in an isoelectric emulsion may include azwitterionic emulsifier(s) which is suitable to make stable isoelectricemulsions of asphalt containing a large fraction of HMW and MMW species(higher than 5 kDa) with or without modifying the pH of the asphaltmembrane emulsion. The isoelectric point (PI) of an emulsion is the pHat which the emulsion has simultaneously an anionic and cationic(neutral) charge.

Mixtures of any of the above emulsifiers may be used.

The emulsifier of the asphalt membrane emulsion may have an isoelectricpoint between a pH of 4.5 to 8, such as, 6 to 8. Using such anemulsifier in the asphalt membrane emulsion may make it such that noacid is required to be included in the asphalt membrane emulsion. Thus,in some non-limiting embodiments, the asphalt membrane emulsion may befree of acid.

The asphalt membrane emulsion may optionally include an acid. The acidmay be included in a cationic emulsion. The acid may be included in anamount such that the pH of the asphalt membrane emulsion is from 1 to 3.Non-limiting examples of acids include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid,acetic acid, and combinations thereof.

The asphalt membrane emulsion may optionally include a base. The basemay be included in an anionic emulsion. The base may be included in anamount such that the pH of the asphalt membrane emulsion is from 9 to12. Non-limiting examples of suitable bases include sodium hydroxide,potassium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.

The asphalt membrane emulsion may optionally include a thickener. Asused herein, “thickener” refers to a material that increases theviscosity of the fluid composition (e.g., a liquid or emulsion) to whichit is added. The thickener may comprise a water-soluble cellulosebackbone and ether containing substituents. The thickener may beselected from at least one of the following non-limiting examples:methyl cellulose (MC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC),hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC),hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (MHPC),methyl ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MEHEC), or combinations thereof. Inone non-limiting embodiment, the thickener is methyl hydroxypropylcellulose. Non-limiting commercial examples of thickeners include, but,are not limited to: Klucel® [Aqualon]; Glutolin [Kalle]; CMC7HC[Hercules]; Methocel A [Dow]; Cellosize® [Union Carbide]; and Bermocoll[Nouryon]. Mixtures of any of the above thickeners may be used.

The asphalt membrane emulsion may optionally include a sulfurcross-linker. As used herein, “sulfur cross-linker” refers to acomponent having a sulfur atom that is suitable for cross-linking theasphalt with cross-linkable groups on the asphalt modifier component.The sulfur cross-linker can be added into the asphalt membrane emulsionas a liquid or powder component. Non-limiting commercial suppliers ofthe sulfur cross-linker include, but, are not limited to: AlbertyAdditives, Hexpol, Performance Technology Services and S&B distributors.Non-limiting examples of suitable sulfur cross-linkers are AS-2000 andAS-3000 from Alberty Additives. Mixtures of any of the above sulfurcross-linkers may be used.

The present invention relates to a method of making an asphalt membraneemulsion. The method involves forming a first phase; forming a secondphase; pumping the first phase and the second phase into a colloid mill;and mixing the first phase and second phase in the colloid mill to formthe asphalt membrane emulsion.

As used herein, “colloidal mill” refers to a machine used to reducedroplet size in an emulsion.

The first phase may include asphalt, asphalt modifier, and mineralfiller. The first phase may optionally include a sulfur cross-linker, ormay be free of a sulfur cross-linker.

The first phase may have the above-described components thereof in thefollowing ranges in Table A.

TABLE A Preferred Most Preferred More Preferred Range Range Raw MaterialRange (wt. %) Range (wt. %) (wt. %) (wt. %) Asphalt 85-91 82-92 68-9450-96 Asphalt  6-10  4-12  2-14  1-15 Modifier Mineral Filler 3-7 2-8 1-10 0.5-12  Sulfur Cross- 0.05-0.6  0.03-0.7  0.02-1.5  0.01-3  Linker (Optional)

To form the first phase, the asphalt is heated to a temperature of atleast about 300 degrees Fahrenheit (149 degrees Celsius), such as, from300 to 350 degrees Fahrenheit (149 to 177 degrees Celsius). The asphaltmodifier is added to the asphalt using in-line mixing, tank mixing,in-line milling, or combinations thereof to form a modified asphalt. Theoptional sulfur cross-linker is added to the modified asphalt usingin-line mixing, tank mixing, in-line milling, or combinations thereof.The mineral filler is added to the modified asphalt or the sulfurmodified asphalt using in-line mixing, tank mixing, in-line milling, orcombinations thereof. In one non-limiting embodiment, the sulfurcross-linker is added to the first phase prior to the addition of themineral filler.

The second phase may comprise water and an emulsifier. The second phasemay optionally include an acid and/or a base, or the second phase may befree of an acid and/or base. The second phase may optionally include athickener, or the second phase may be free of a thickener.

The emulsifier may be selected depending on whether the second phase isto be cationic (e.g., a cationic second phase), anionic (e.g., ananionic second phase), or isoelectric (e.g., an isoelectric secondphase).

The emulsifier of the second phase may have an isoelectric point betweena pH of 4.5 to 8, such as, 6 to 8. Using such an emulsifier in thesecond phase may make it such that no acid or base is required to beincluded in the second phase. Thus, in some non-limiting embodiments,the second phase may be free of an acid or a base. The resultingemulsion (the combination of the first phase and the second phase) wouldexhibit properties of both an anionic emulsion and a cationic emulsion.

In one non-limiting embodiment, the asphalt membrane emulsion is acationic asphalt membrane emulsion, where the cationic membrane emulsioncomprises a cationic emulsifier.

The second phase may include an acid. The acid may be used with acationic emulsifier. The acid may be included in an amount such that thepH of the second phase is from 1 to 3.

In one non-limiting embodiment, the asphalt membrane emulsion is ananionic asphalt membrane emulsion, where the anionic membrane emulsioncomprises an anionic emulsifier.

The second phase may include a base. The base may be used with ananionic emulsifier. The base may be included in an amount such that thepH of the second phase is from 9 to 12.

A mixture of acid(s) and/or base(s) may be included in the second phase.

The second phase may have the above-described components thereof in thefollowing ranges in Table B.

TABLE B Preferred Most Preferred More Preferred Range Range Raw MaterialRange (wt. %) Range (wt. %) (wt. % (wt. % ) Water 92-97 90-98 85-9880-99 Emulsifier 3.5-7   2-8  1-10 0.5-12  Thickener 0.2-1   0.1-1.50.1-3   0.05-5   (Optional) Acid or Base 0.2-0.5 0.1-1   0.1-2   0.5-3  (Optional)

To form the second phase, the water is obtained from a municipal source,having a pH from 6 to 8, at ambient temperature. The water is heated toa temperature of up to 120 degrees Fahrenheit (49 degrees Celsius) andthe emulsifier is added into the water. When the second phase comprisesthickener, the thickener is added to the heated water prior to theaddition of the emulsifier and is mixed until the thickener has fullydissolved in the water. Optional acid is added to the water mixture,after the addition of the emulsifier, to obtain a pH of 1 to 3 oroptional base is added to the water mixture, after the addition of theemulsifier, to obtain a pH of 9 to 12.

The asphalt membrane emulsion may be formed by pumping the first phaseand the second phase into a colloid mill and mixing the first phase andsecond phase in the colloid mill to form the asphalt membrane emulsion.The asphalt emulsion may be formed from a mixture of the above-describedfirst phase and second phase and may have the above-described phasesthereof in the following ranges in Table C.

TABLE C Most Preferred More Preferred Preferred Range Raw Material Range(wt. %) Range (wt. %) Range (wt. % (wt. %) First Phase 55-70 50-75 45-8040-85 Second Phase 30-45 25-50 20-55 15-60

The first phase is heated to a temperature of at least 360 degreesFahrenheit (182 degrees Celsius), such as, between 360 and 380 degreesFahrenheit (between 182 and 193 degrees Celsius) and pumped into thecolloidal mill. The second phase is heated to a temperature of at least100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius), such as, between 100 and120 degrees Fahrenheit (38 to 49 degrees Celsius), and pumped into thecolloidal mill. When mixing the first phase and second phase in thecolloid mill to form the asphalt membrane emulsion, the asphalt membraneemulsion does not exceed a temperature of greater than 212 degreesFahrenheit (100 degrees Celsius). The mixed first phase and second phaseexits the colloidal mill at a temperature of about 205 degreesFahrenheit (96 degrees Celsius).

In any of the above-described asphalt membrane emulsions, the firstphase and the second phase may be stored in separate tanks prior tomixing to form the asphalt membrane emulsion.

The asphalt membrane emulsion formed from the above identified materialsin the above-identified manner may be used to fill a crack. For example,the asphalt membrane emulsion is formed from the above-identifiedmaterials in the above-identified manner and comprises a mixture of afirst phase and a second phase. The asphalt membrane emulsion is appliedinto a crack. The asphalt membrane emulsion is cured within the crack toform a cured asphalt membrane emulsion within the crack.

The asphalt membrane emulsion may be applied into a crack by a standardspray distributor for spraying asphalt emulsion, tack buggy, handsprayer, or combinations thereof. The asphalt membrane emulsion may beapplied into the crack using a mechanical pumping device comprising ahose and spray nozzle attached at the end of the hose. The asphaltmembrane emulsion may be applied at any suitable rate or amount. Theasphalt membrane emulsion may be applied at between 0.2 and 3 gallons ofemulsion per square yard (gpy²), depending on the material the asphaltmembrane emulsion is applied to and the method of application.

When the asphalt membrane is applied into a crack, the asphalt membraneemulsion may be heated to a temperature suitable for even application ofthe composition. In non-limiting embodiments, the asphalt membraneemulsion may be from 130 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit when it is applied,such as, from 150 to 180 degrees Fahrenheit. Once the asphalt membraneemulsion is applied into a crack, the asphalt membrane emulsion may bepermitted to cure. Drying or curing may occur for 60 minutes or less,such as, 45 minutes or less, such as, 30 minutes or less, such as, 15minutes or less, or such as, 2 minutes or less, depending on theenvironmental conditions (e.g., temperature, direct light/sun, humidity,and air flow), application rate, application temperature, andcombinations thereof. The makeup of the asphalt membrane emulsion mayaffect drying or curing time. A hot and dry environment (low humidity)accelerates curing the asphalt membrane emulsion.

The present invention relates to an asphalt surface comprising a crackand a cured asphalt membrane emulsion within said crack. When cured, thecured asphalt membrane emulsion within the crack comprises asphalt, anasphalt modifier, mineral filler, and an emulsifier.

The asphalt membrane emulsion may, when applied to a surface or into acrack, when cured, exhibit a pen rating between 20 and 80, such as,between 40 and 70. The asphalt membrane emulsion may, when applied to asurface or into a crack, when cured, exhibit an Original Dynamic ShearRheometer test (ODSR) value, per AASHTO M320, of at least 82.5kiloPascals (kPa), such as, between 88.7 and 92.3 kPa.

The following numbered clauses are illustrative of various aspects ofthe invention:

Clause 1: An asphalt membrane emulsion for reducing voids in an asphaltjoint comprising asphalt, an asphalt modifier, mineral filler, anemulsifier, and water.

Clause 2: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 1, wherein the asphaltcomprises performance grade (PG) 64-22, PG 58-28, PG 58-22, PG 52-28, PG52-22, PG 52-34, PG 58-34, or combinations thereof.

Clause 3: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 1, wherein the asphaltcomprises performance grade (PG) 52-28, PG 58-28, PG 64-22, orcombinations thereof.

Clause 4: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 1, wherein the asphaltcomprises performance grade (PG) 58-28, PG 52-28, or combinationsthereof.

Clause 5: The asphalt membrane emulsion of any of clauses 1 to 4,wherein the asphalt modifier comprises isocyanate, styrene butadiene,styrene butadiene styrene, styrene butadiene rubber, polystyrene,polychloroprene, dispersions thereof, or combinations thereof.

Clause 6: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 5, wherein the asphaltmodifier comprises styrene butadiene styrene.

Clause 7: The asphalt membrane emulsion of any of the preceding clauses,wherein the mineral filler comprises rock dust, mineral dust, sand, slagdust, lime, fly ash, Portland cement, loess, combinations thereof, ormixtures thereof.

Clause 8: The asphalt membrane emulsion of any of the preceding clauses,wherein the mineral filler comprises lime.

Clause 9: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 8, wherein the limecomprises calcium based lime, magnesium based lime, or combinationsthereof.

Clause 10: The asphalt membrane emulsion of any of clauses 8 to 9,wherein the lime comprises agricultural lime, ASTM grade lime, orcombinations thereof.

Clause 11: The asphalt membrane emulsion of any of claim 10, wherein theASTM lime comprises N type, NA type, S type, SA type lime, orcombinations thereof.

Clause 12: The asphalt membrane emulsion of any of the precedingclauses, wherein the asphalt membrane emulsion is a cationic asphaltmembrane emulsion.

Clause 13: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 12, wherein thecationic asphalt membrane emulsion comprises a cationic emulsifier.

Clause 14: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 13, wherein thecationic emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of RedicoteE-11E, Redicote E-11HF, and Indulin AA-57D.

Clause 15: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 14, wherein thecationic emulsifier is Redicote E-11HF.

Clause 16: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 12, wherein theasphalt membrane emulsion does not comprise an acid.

Clause 17: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 1, wherein theasphalt membrane emulsion is an anionic asphalt membrane emulsion.

Clause 18: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 17, wherein theanionic asphalt membrane emulsion comprises an anionic emulsifier.

Clause 19: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 17, wherein theasphalt membrane emulsion comprises a base.

Clause 20: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 19, wherein the basecomprises sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or combinationsthereof.

Clause 21: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 13, wherein thecationic emulsifier is a quaternary ammonium salt based emulsifier.

Clause 22: The asphalt membrane emulsion of any of the precedingclauses, further comprises a thickener.

Clause 23: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 22, wherein thethickener comprises a water-soluble cellulose backbone and ethercontaining substituents.

Clause 24: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 23, wherein thethickener comprises methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,hydroxypropyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl ethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, or combinations thereof.

Clause 25: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 24, wherein thethickener is methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose.

Clause 26: The asphalt membrane emulsion of any of the precedingclauses, further comprising a sulfur cross-linker.

Clause 27: A method of making an asphalt membrane emulsion, the methodcomprising: forming a first phase comprising: asphalt; asphalt modifier;and mineral filler; forming a second phase comprising: water; and anemulsifier; pumping the first phase and the second phase into a colloidmill; and mixing the first phase and second phase in the colloid mill toform the asphalt membrane emulsion.

Clause 28: The method of clause 27, wherein forming the first phasecomprises: heating the asphalt to a temperature of at least about 300degrees Fahrenheit; adding the asphalt modifier to the asphalt usingin-line mixing, tank mixing, in-line milling, or combinations thereof toform a modified asphalt; and adding the mineral filler to the modifiedasphalt using in-line mixing, tank mixing, in-line milling, orcombinations thereof.

Clause 29: The method of clause 27, wherein the first phase comprises,by weight, between about 50% and 96% asphalt, between about 1% and 15%asphalt modifier, and between about 0.5% and 12% mineral filler.

Clause 30: The method of clause 27, wherein the first phase furthercomprises a sulfur cross-linker comprising, by weight, between about0.01% and about 3%.

Clause 31: The method of any of clauses 27 to 30, wherein the sulfurcross-linker is added to the modified asphalt prior to adding themineral filler.

Clause 32: The method of any of clauses 27 to 29, wherein the asphaltcomprises performance grade (PG) 64-22, PG 58-28, PG 58-22, PG 52-28, PG52-22, PG 52-34, PG 58-34, or combinations thereof.

Clause 33: The method of any of clauses 27 to 29, wherein the asphaltcomprises performance grade (PG) 52-28, PG 58-28, PG 64-22, orcombinations thereof.

Clause 34: The method of any of clauses 27 to 29, wherein the asphaltcomprises performance grade (PG) 58-28, PG 52-28, or combinationsthereof.

Clause 35: The method of any of clauses 27 to 29, wherein the asphaltmodifier comprises isocyanate, styrene butadiene, styrene butadienestyrene, styrene butadiene rubber, polystyrene, polychloroprene,dispersions thereof, or combinations thereof.

Clause 36: The method of clause 35, wherein the asphalt modifiercomprises styrene butadiene styrene.

Clause 37: The method of clauses 27 to 29, wherein the mineral fillercomprises rock dust, mineral dust, sand, slag dust, lime, fly ash,Portland cement, loess, combinations thereof, or mixtures thereof.

Clause 38: The method of clause 37, wherein the mineral filler compriseslime.

Clause 39: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 38, wherein the limecomprises calcium based lime, magnesium based lime, or combinationsthereof.

Clause 40: The asphalt membrane emulsion of any of clauses 38 to 39,wherein the lime comprises agricultural lime, ASTM grade lime, orcombinations thereof.

Clause 41: The asphalt membrane emulsion of any of clause 40, whereinthe ASTM lime comprises N type, NA type, S type, SA type lime, orcombinations thereof.

Clause 42: The method of clause 27, wherein forming the second phasecomprises: heating the water to a temperature of at least 120 degreesFahrenheit; and mixing in the emulsifier.

Clause 43: The method of clause 27, wherein the second phase comprises,by weight, between about 80% and 99% water, and between about 0.5% and12% emulsifier.

Clause 44: The method of clause 43, wherein the second phase furthercomprises a thickener comprising, by weight, between 0.05% and 5%.

Clause 45: The method of clause 27, wherein asphalt membrane emulsion isa cationic asphalt membrane emulsion.

Clause 46: The method of clause 45, wherein the cationic asphaltmembrane emulsion comprises a cationic emulsifier in the second phase.

Clause 47: The method of clause 46, wherein the cationic emulsifier isselected from the group consisting of Redicote E-11E, Redicote E-11HF,and Indulin AA-57D.

Clause 48: The method of clause 47, wherein the cationic emulsifier isRedicote E-11HF.

Clause 49: The method of clause 46, wherein the cationic emulsifier is aquaternary ammonium salt based emulsifier.

Clause 50: The method of clause 46, wherein the second phase does notcomprise an acid.

Clause 51: The method of clauses 43 to 49, wherein the second phasefurther comprises between 0.5 weight percent to 3 weight percent of anacid to obtain a pH between about 1 and about 3.

Clause 52: The method of clause 51, wherein the acid is added after theemulsifier.

Clause 53: The method of clause 27, wherein the asphalt membraneemulsion is an anionic asphalt membrane emulsion.

Clause 54: The method of clause 53, wherein the anionic asphalt membraneemulsion comprises an anionic emulsifier in the second phase.

Clause 55: The method of clauses 53 to 54, wherein the second phasefurther comprises, by weight, between 0.1% to 0.3% of a base to obtain apH between about 9 and about 12.

Clause 56: The method of clause 27, wherein the first phase comprises,by weight, between about 40% and about 85%, and the second phasecomprises, by weight, between about 15% and about 60%.

Clause 57: The method of clause 27, wherein the first phase is heated toa temperature of at least 360 degrees Fahrenheit and pumped into thecolloid mill.

Clause 58: The method of clause 27, wherein the second phase is heatedto a temperature of at least 100 degrees Fahrenheit and pumped in thecolloid mill.

Clause 59: The method of clause 27, wherein the asphalt membraneemulsion does not exceed a temperature of greater than 212 degreesFahrenheit.

Clause 60: A method of filling a crack comprising: providing the asphaltmembrane emulsion, wherein the asphalt membrane emulsion comprises anasphalt, an asphalt modifier, a mineral filler, an emulsifier and water;applying the asphalt membrane emulsion into a crack; and curing theasphalt membrane emulsion within the crack.

Clause 61: The method of clause 60, wherein the asphalt comprisesperformance grade (PG) 64-22, PG 58-28, PG 58-22, PG 52-28, PG 52-22, PG52-34, PG 58-34, or combinations thereof.

Clause 62: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 60, wherein theasphalt comprises (PG) 52-28, PG 58-28, PG 64-22, or combinationsthereof.

Clause 63: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 60, wherein theasphalt comprises performance grade (PG) 58-28, PG 52-28, orcombinations thereof.

Clause 64: The method of clause 60, wherein the asphalt modifiercomprises isocyanate, styrene butadiene, styrene butadiene styrene,styrene butadiene rubber, polystyrene, polychloroprene, dispersionsthereof, or combinations thereof.

Clause 65: The method of clause 64, wherein the asphalt modifiercomprises styrene butadiene styrene.

Clause 66: The method of clause 60, wherein the mineral filler comprisesrock dust, mineral dust, sand, slag dust, lime, fly ash, Portlandcement, loess, combinations thereof, or mixtures thereof.

Clause 67: The method of clause 66, wherein the mineral filler compriseslime.

Clause 68: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 67, wherein the limecomprises calcium based lime, magnesium based lime, or combinationsthereof.

Clause 69: The asphalt membrane emulsion of any of clauses 67 to 68,wherein the lime comprises agricultural lime, ASTM grade lime, orcombinations thereof.

Clause 70: The asphalt membrane emulsion of any of clause 69, whereinthe ASTM lime comprises N type, NA type, S type, SA type lime, orcombinations thereof.

Clause 71: The method of any of clauses 60 to 70, wherein the asphaltmembrane emulsion further comprises a sulfur cross-linker.

Clause 72: The method of clause 60, wherein the asphalt membraneemulsion is a cationic asphalt membrane emulsion.

Clause 73: The method of clause 72, wherein the emulsifier is a cationicemulsifier.

Clause 74: The method of clause 73, wherein the cationic emulsifier isselected from the group consisting of Redicote E-11E, Redicote E-11HF,and Indulin AA-57D.

Clause 75: The method of clause 74, wherein the cationic emulsifier isRedicote E-11HF.

Clause 76: The method of clause 73, wherein the cationic emulsifier is aquaternary ammonium salt based emulsifier.

Clause 77: The method of clause 72, wherein the asphalt membraneemulsion does not comprise an acid.

Clause 78: The method of clause 60, wherein the asphalt membraneemulsion is an anionic asphalt membrane emulsion.

Clause 79: The method of clause 78, wherein the emulsifier is an anionicemulsifier.

Clause 80: The method of clause 79, wherein the asphalt membraneemulsion further comprises a base.

Clause 81: The method of clause 60, wherein the asphalt membraneemulsion further comprises a thickener.

Clause 82: The method of clause 60, wherein the asphalt membraneemulsion is applied by a standard spray distributor, tack buggy, handsprayer, or combinations thereof.

Clause 83: The method of clause 60, wherein the asphalt membraneemulsion is cured by heating.

Clause 84: An asphalt surface comprising a crack and a cured asphaltmembrane emulsion within said crack, wherein the cured asphalt membraneemulsion within the crack comprises asphalt, an asphalt modifier,mineral filler, and an emulsifier.

Clause 85: The asphalt surface of clause 84, wherein the cured asphaltmembrane emulsion exhibits a pen rating between 20 and 80.

Clause 86: The asphalt surface of clause 84, wherein the cured asphaltmembrane emulsion exhibits an ODSR value of at least 82.5 kiloPascals.

Clause 87: The asphalt surface of clause 84, wherein the asphaltcomprises performance grade (PG) 64-22, PG 58-28, PG 58-22, PG 52-28, PG52-22, PG 52-34, PG 58-34, or combinations thereof.

Clause 88: The asphalt surface of clause 84, wherein the asphaltcomprises (PG) 52-28, PG 58-28, PG 64-22, or combinations thereof.

Clause 89: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 84, wherein theasphalt comprises performance grade (PG) 58-28, PG 52-28, orcombinations thereof.

Clause 90: The method of clause 84, wherein the asphalt modifiercomprises isocyanate, styrene butadiene, styrene butadiene styrene,styrene butadiene rubber, polystyrene, polychloroprene, dispersionsthereof, or combinations thereof.

Clause 91: The method of clause 90, wherein the asphalt modifiercomprises styrene butadiene styrene.

Clause 92: The method of clause 84, wherein the mineral filler comprisesrock dust, mineral dust, sand, slag dust, lime, fly ash, Portlandcement, loess, combinations thereof, or mixtures thereof.

Clause 93: The method of clause 92, wherein the mineral filler compriseslime.

Clause 94: The asphalt membrane emulsion of clause 93, wherein the limecomprises calcium based lime, magnesium based lime, or combinationsthereof.

Clause 95: The asphalt membrane emulsion of any of clauses 93 to 94,wherein the lime comprises agricultural lime, ASTM grade lime, orcombinations thereof.

Clause 96: The asphalt membrane emulsion of any of clause 95, whereinthe ASTM lime comprises N type, NA type, S type, SA type lime, orcombinations thereof.

Clause 97: The method of any of clauses 84 to 96, wherein the asphaltmembrane emulsion further comprises a sulfur cross-linker.

Clause 98: The method of clause 84, wherein the asphalt membraneemulsion is a cationic asphalt membrane emulsion.

Clause 99: The method of clause 84, wherein the emulsifier is a cationicemulsifier.

Clause 100: The method of clause 99, wherein the cationic emulsifier isselected from the group consisting of Redicote E-11E, Redicote E-11HF,and Indulin AA-57D.

Clause 101: The method of clause 100, wherein the cationic emulsifier isRedicote E-11HF.

Clause 102: The method of clause 99, wherein the cationic emulsifier isa quaternary ammonium salt based emulsifier.

Clause 103: The method of any of clauses 98 to 102, wherein the asphaltmembrane emulsion does not comprise an acid.

Clause 104: The method of clause 84, wherein the asphalt membraneemulsion is an anionic asphalt membrane emulsion.

Clause 105: The method of clause 84, wherein the emulsifier is ananionic emulsifier.

Clause 106: The method of any of clauses 104 to 105, wherein the asphaltmembrane emulsion further comprises a base.

Clause 107: The method of any of clauses 84 to 106, wherein the asphaltmembrane emulsion further comprises a thickener.

The following examples are presented to exhibit the general principlesof the invention. The invention should not be considered as limited tothe specific examples presented.

EXAMPLES Example 1

The raw materials in Table 1 below were combined according to theprocess described in Table 1 to form Asphalt First Phase A.

TABLE 1 Recom- Range mended of Raw Material wt. % wt. % Process Asphalt87.87 85-89 Heat to 300-350° F. for modification Heat to 380° F. foremulsification Styrene 6.75 6-8 Add to heated asphalt using in-lineButadiene mixing, tank mixing, and/or in-line Styrene (SBS) milling toform SBS modified asphalt Sulfur Cross- 0.38 0.25- Add to SBS modifiedasphalt using in- Linker 0.5 line mixing, tank mixing, and/or in-linemilling to form SBS and sulfur modified asphalt Mineral Filler 5 3-7 Addto SBS and sulfur modified asphalt using in-line mixing, tank mixing,and/or in-line milling

Example 2

The raw materials in Table 2 below were combined according to theprocess described in Table 1 to form Cationic Second Phase A.

TABLE 2 Recom- Range Raw mended of Material wt. % wt. % Process Water94.5 92-97 Ambient temperature and municipally sourced having a pH of6-8 Thickener 0.5 0-1% Heat the mix water and thickener up to 120° F.,while mixing, until the thickener is fully dissolved in the water(Optional) Emulsifier 5 3.5-6   Any emulsifier recommended for highlyviscous asphaltic products, such as, the Quaternary Ammonium Saltemulsifier, is added to the previous mix while the temperature ismaintained at 120° F. The speed of the mixer and mixing time is adjustedin such a manner that the emulsifier has a chemical interaction with thethickener until the rheological modification occurs as confirmed bycontinuous wave contour without fixed points. For low viscosityasphaltic products without a thickener, the mix water and emulsifier isheated up to 120° F., while mixing Acid 0   0-0.5 Add acid, when used,to water mixture to obtain a pH between 1 and 3

Example 3

The Asphalt First Phase A and the Cationic Second Phase A, from Examples1 and 2 respectively, were combined in the amounts and according to theprocess described in Table 3 to form Asphalt Membrane Emulsion A.

TABLE 3 Recom- Range mended of Raw Material wt. % wt. % Process Cationic35 30-40 Run Cationic Second Phase A through Second the colloid mill at100-120° F. Phase A Asphalt First 65 60-70 Add Asphalt First Phase A tocolloidal Phase A mill at 360-380° F.; Ensure that mixture in colloidalmill output does not exceed 212° F. so that the water is not boiled off(ideal output temperature is 205° F.)

Physical properties associated with Asphalt Membrane Emulsion A are asshown in Table 4. The unit for Paddle Cannon viscosity ismilliPascal-second (mPa·s). Equivalent ASTM methods, AASHTO methods, orother standard tests may be used.

TABLE 4 Test Procedure Recommended Values Saybolt viscosity (seconds)(Optional) AASHTO T 59 100-400 seconds Paddle Cannon viscosity (mPa · s)AASHTO T382 Minimum 500 mPa · s at 50° C. Sieve (%) AASHTO T 59 Maximum0.10% Storage Stability 24 hours (%) AASHTO T 59 Maximum 1% over 24hours % Residue by Evaporation (%) ASTM D 7404 Minimum 65%

Physical properties associated with the residue of Asphalt MembraneEmulsion A are as shown in Table 5, where DSR means Dynamic ShearRheometer and MSCR means Multiple Stress Creep Recovery. The unit forrotational viscosity is centipoise (cP). Equivalent ASTM methods, AASHTOmethods, or other standard tests may be used.

TABLE 5 Test Procedure Recommended Values Pen on evaporation AASTHO T 4920-80 residue DSR tests AASHTO M320 88 minutes Original DSR (ODSR) 90minutes TruGrade Temp. DSR MSCR Test AASHTO M350 E Grade MSCR on unagedresidue Rotational Viscosity ASTM D4402/ Max 3000 cP at 135° C. D4402MMax 600 cP at 165° C. Max 350 cP at 176.6° C.

It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art thatmodifications may be made to the invention without departing from theconcepts disclosed in the foregoing description. Accordingly, theparticular embodiments described in detail herein are illustrative onlyand are not limiting to the scope of the invention, which is to be giventhe full breadth of the appended claims and any and all equivalentsthereof.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An asphalt membrane emulsion for reducingvoids in an asphalt joint comprising asphalt, an asphalt modifier,mineral filler, an emulsifier, and water.
 2. The asphalt membraneemulsion of claim 1, wherein the asphalt comprises performance grade(PG) 64-22, PG 58-28, PG 58-22, PG 52-28, PG 52-22, PG 52-34, PG 58-34,or combinations thereof.
 3. The asphalt membrane emulsion of claim 1,wherein the asphalt modifier comprises isocyanate, styrene butadiene,styrene butadiene styrene, styrene butadiene rubber, polystyrene,polychloroprene, dispersions thereof, or combinations thereof.
 4. Theasphalt membrane emulsion of claim 3, wherein the asphalt modifiercomprises styrene butadiene styrene.
 5. The asphalt membrane emulsion ofclaim 1, wherein the mineral filler comprises lime.
 6. The asphaltmembrane emulsion of claim 1, wherein the asphalt membrane emulsion is acationic asphalt membrane emulsion.
 7. The asphalt membrane emulsion ofclaim 6, wherein the cationic asphalt membrane emulsion comprises acationic emulsifier.
 8. The asphalt membrane emulsion of claim 6,wherein the asphalt membrane emulsion does not comprise an acid.
 9. Theasphalt membrane emulsion of claim 1, wherein the asphalt membraneemulsion is an anionic asphalt membrane emulsion.
 10. The asphaltmembrane emulsion of claim 9, wherein the anionic asphalt membraneemulsion comprises an anionic emulsifier.
 11. The asphalt membraneemulsion of claim 9, wherein the asphalt membrane emulsion comprises abase, wherein the base comprises sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide,or combinations thereof.
 12. The asphalt membrane emulsion of claim 7,wherein the cationic emulsifier is a quaternary ammonium salt basedemulsifier.
 13. The asphalt membrane emulsion of claim 1, furthercomprises a thickener.
 14. The asphalt membrane emulsion of claim 13,wherein the thickener comprises a water-soluble cellulose backbone andether containing substituents.
 15. The asphalt membrane emulsion ofclaim 14, wherein the thickener comprises methyl cellulose, sodiumcarboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose,methyl ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, or combinations thereof.
 16. Theasphalt membrane emulsion of claim 15, wherein the thickener is methylhydroxypropyl cellulose.
 17. The asphalt membrane emulsion of claim 1,further comprising an acid, wherein the acid comprises hydrochloricacid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, or combinations thereof.
 18. Theasphalt membrane emulsion of claim 1, further comprising a sulfurcross-linker.
 19. A method of making an asphalt membrane emulsion, themethod comprising: forming a first phase comprising: asphalt; asphaltmodifier; and mineral filler; forming a second phase comprising: water;and an emulsifier; pumping the first phase and the second phase into acolloid mill; and mixing the first phase and second phase in the colloidmill to form the asphalt membrane emulsion.
 20. An asphalt surfacecomprising a crack and a cured asphalt membrane emulsion within saidcrack; wherein the cured asphalt membrane emulsion within the crackcomprises asphalt, an asphalt modifier, mineral filler, and anemulsifier.